Acne Treatment

o not wash affected areas of skin more than twice a day. Frequent washing can irritate the skin and make symptoms worse.

• Wash the affected area with a mild soap or cleanser and lukewarm water. Very hot or cold water can make acne worse.
• Don't try to "clean out" blackheads or squeeze spots. This can make them worse and cause permanent scarring.
• Avoid using too much make-up and cosmetics. Use water-based products that are described as non-comedogenic (this means the product is less likely to block the pores in your skin).
• Completely remove make-up before going to bed.
• If dry skin is a problem, use a fragrance-free, water-based emollient.
• Regular exercise cannot improve your acne, but it can boost your mood and improve your self-esteem. Shower as soon as possible once you finish exercising as sweat can irritate your acne.
• Wash your hair regularly and try to avoid letting your hair fall across your face.

Treatments can take up to three months to work, so don't expect results overnight.

See your GP if your acne is more widespread – for example, you have a large number of papules and pustules, or over-the-counter medication hasn't worked – as you probably need prescription medication.

Prescription medications that can be used to treat acne include:

• topical retinoids
• topical antibiotics
• azelaic acid
• antibiotic tablets
• in women, the combined oral contraceptive pill
• isotretinoin tablets

If you have severe acne, such as a large number of papules and pustules on your chest and back as well as your face, or if you have painful nodules, your GP can refer you to an expert in treating skin conditions (dermatologist).

A combination of antibiotic tablets and topical treatments is usually the first treatment option for severe acne. If this doesn't work, a medication called isotretinoin may be prescribed.

Hormonal therapies or the combined oral contraceptive pill can also be effective in women who have acne. However, the progestogen-only pill or contraceptive implant can sometimes make acne worse.

Many of these treatments can take two to three months before they start to work. It's important to be patient and persist with a recommended treatment, even if there is no immediate effect.

Topical treatments (gels, creams and lotions)

Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of bacteria on the surface of the skin. It also helps to reduce the number of whiteheads and blackheads and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Benzoyl peroxide is usually available as a cream or gel. It's used either once or twice a day. It should be applied 20 minutes after washing to all of the parts of your face affected by acne.

It should be used sparingly as too much can irritate your skin. It also makes your face more sensitive to sunlight, so avoid too much sun and ultraviolet (UV) light, or wear sun cream.

Benzoyl peroxide can have a bleaching effect, so avoid getting it on your hair or clothes.

Common side effects of benzoyl peroxide include:

• dry and tense skin
• a burning, itching or stinging sensation
• some redness and peeling of the skin

Side effects are usually mild and should pass once the treatment has finished.

Most people need a six-week course of treatment to clear most or all of their acne. You may be advised to continue treatment less frequently to prevent acne returning.

Topical retinoids

Topical retinoids work by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin (exfoliating) which helps prevent them building up within hair follicles.

Tretinoin and adapalene are topical retinoids used to treat acne. They are available in a gel or cream and are usually applied once a day before you go to bed.

Apply to all of the parts of your face affected by acne 20 minutes after washing your face.

It is important to apply topical retinoids sparingly and avoid excessive exposure to sunlight and UV.

Topical retinoids are not suitable for use during pregnancy as there is a risk that they might cause birth defects.

The most common side effects of topical retinoids are mild irritation and stinging of the skin.

A six-week course is usually required, but you may be advised to continue using the medication less frequently after this.

Topical antibiotics

Topical antibiotics help kill the bacteria on the skin that can infect plugged hair follicles. They are available as a lotion or gel that is applied once or twice a day.

A six- to eight-week course is usually recommended. After this, treatment is usually stopped as there is a risk that the bacteria on your face could become resistant to the antibiotics. This could make your acne worse and cause additional infections.

Side effects are uncommon, but can include:

• minor irritation of the skin
• redness and burning of the skin
• peeling of the skin

Azelaic acid

Azelaic acid is often used as an alternative treatment for acne if the side effects of benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoids are particularly irritating or painful.

Azelaic acid works by getting rid of dead skin and killing bacteria. It is available as a cream or gel and is usually applied twice a day (or once a day if your skin is particularly sensitive).

The medication does not make your skin sensitive to sunlight, so you do not have to avoid exposure to the sun.

You will usually need to use azelaic acid for a month before your acne improves.

The side effects of azelaic acid are usually mild and include:

• burning or stinging skin
• itchiness
• dry skin
• redness of the skin

Antibiotic tablets

Antibiotic tablets (oral antibiotics) are usually used in combination with a topical treatment to treat more severe acne.

In most cases, a class of antibiotics called tetracyclines is prescribed, unless you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women are usually advised to take an antibiotic called erythromycin, which is known to be safer to use.

It will usually take about six weeks before you notice an improvement in your acne.

Depending on how well you react to the treatment, a course of oral antibiotics can last four to six months.

Tetracyclines can make your skin sensitive to sunlight and UV light and can also make the oral contraceptive pill less effective during the first few weeks of treatment.

You will need to use an alternative method of contraception, such as condoms, during this time.

Hormonal therapies

Hormonal therapies can often benefit women with acne, especially if the acne flares up around periods or is associated with hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

If you don't already use it, your GP may recommend that you start taking the combined oral contraceptive pill, even if you are not sexually active. This combined pill can often help improve acne in women, but may take up to a year before the full benefits are seen.

Co-cyprindiol

Co-cyprindiol is a hormonal treatment that can be used for more severe acne that doesn't respond to antibiotics. It helps reduce the production of sebum.

You will probably have to use co-cyprindiol for two to six months before you notice a significant improvement in your acne.

There is a small risk that women taking co-cyprindiol may develop breast cancer in later life.

For example, out of a group of 10,000 women who have not taken co-cyprindiol, you would expect 16 of them to develop breast cancer by the time they were 35. This figure rises to 17 or 18 for women who were treated with co-cyprindiol for at least five years in their early twenties.

There is also a very small chance of co-cyprindiol causing a blood clot. The risk is estimated to be around 1 in 2,500 in any given year.

It is not thought to be safe to take co-cyprindiol if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Women may need to have a pregnancy test before treatment can begin.

Other side effects of co-cyprindiol include:

• bleeding and spotting between your periods, which can sometimes occur for the first few months
• headaches
• sore breasts
• mood changes
• loss of interest in sex
• weight gain or weight loss

Isotretinoin

Isotretinoin has a number of beneficial effects:

• it helps normalise sebum and reduce how much is produced
• it helps prevent follicles becoming clogged
• it decreases the amount of bacteria on the skin
• it reduces redness and swelling in and around spots

However, the drug can also cause a wide range of side effects. It is therefore only recommended for severe cases of acne that have not responded to other treatments.

Because of the risk of side effects, isotretinoin can only be prescribed by a specially trained GP or a dermatologist.

Isotretinoin is taken as a tablet. Most people take a four- to six-month course. Your acne may get worse during the first 7 to 10 days of treatment. However, this is normal and soon settles.

Common side effects of isotretinoin include:

• inflammation, dryness and cracking of the skin, lips and nostrils
• changes in your blood sugar levels
• inflammation of your eyelids (blepharitis)
• inflammation and irritation of your eyes (conjunctivitis)
• blood in your urine

Rarer side effects of isotretinoin include:

• inflammation of the liver (hepatitis)
• inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
• kidney disease

Read more about the side effects of isotretinoin.

Because of the risk of these rarer side effects, you will need a blood test before and during treatment.

Isotretinoin and birth defects

Isotretinoin will damage an unborn baby. If you're a woman of childbearing age:

• don't use isotretinoin if you are pregnant or you think you are pregnant
• use one, or ideally two, methods of contraception for one month before treatment begins, during treatment and for one month after treatment has finished
• have a pregnancy test before, during and after treatment

You will be asked to sign a form confirming that you understand the risk of birth defects and are willing to use contraceptives to prevent this risk, even if you are not currently sexually active.

If you think you may have become pregnant when taking isotretinoin, contact your dermatologist immediately.

Isotretinoin is also not suitable if you are breastfeeding.

Isotretinoin and mood changes

There have been reports of people experiencing mood changes while taking isotretinoin. There is no evidence that these mood changes were the result of the medication.

However, as a precaution, contact your doctor immediately if you feel depressed or anxious, have feelings of aggression or suicidal thoughts.

Non-pharmaceutical treatments

Several treatments for acne do not involve medication.

These include:

• comedone extractor – a small pen-shaped instrument that can be used to clean out blackheads and whiteheads
• chemical peels – where a chemical solution is applied to the face, causing the skin to peel off and new skin to replace it
• photodynamic therapy – where light is applied to the skin in an attempt to improve symptoms of acne

Acne Treatment,Acne Treatment,Acne Treatment,Acne Treatment

Treatment of constipation

How Do I Know if I Am Constipated?

Occasional constipation doesn't indicate a need to see a doctor, but you should seek professional advice for a persistent problem.

During a physical exam, the doctor will check your abdomen for any sign of a hardened mass and may conduct a rectal exam.

He or she may also take a blood sample and examine your colon with a sigmoidoscope or a colonoscope, a flexible tube with a video camera that is inserted into the rectum. You might also need a barium enema, which coats the intestinal lining so it can be seen on an X-ray.

What Are the Treatments for Constipation?

Most cases of constipation respond to conservative treatment, such as dietary and exercise changes or mild laxatives.

Your doctor will probably start treatment by recommending more fiber or bulk in your diet. Except for fiber or bulking agents, over-the-counter laxatives should be avoided. Your doctor will also encourage you to take adequate time for moving your bowels and not to suppress the urge to have a bowel movement. Increasing exercise is also important if you lead a sedentary lifestyle. For stubborn constipation in older children or adults, the doctor may recommend a non-digestible sugar called lactulose or specially formulated electrolyte solutions. Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) is available over the counter for short-term use for constipation in children and adults. Amitiza and Linzess are prescription drugs for long-term use in chronic constipation in adults and the elderly.

Fecal impaction is a more serious form of constipation that sometimes affects the elderly and disabled. To release hardened material in the rectum, a doctor inserts a gloved finger and manually breaks up the solidified stool. A gentle enema using warm water or mineral oil may also be helpful.

Treatment of hemorrhoids

Treatment of hemorrhoids

How Do I Know if I Have Hemorrhoids?

First, your health care provider will look at your anal area, perhaps by inserting a lubricated gloved finger or an anoscope (a hollow, lighted tube for viewing the lower few inches of the rectum) or a proctoscope (which works like an anoscope, but provides a more thorough rectal exam).

More procedures may be needed to identify internal hemorrhoids or rule out other ailments that frequently cause anal bleeding, such as anal fissure, colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer.

To see further into the anal canal (into the lower colon, or sigmoid), sigmoidoscopy may be used, or the entire colon may be viewed with colonoscopy. For both procedures, a lighted, flexible viewing tube is inserted into the rectum. A barium X-ray can also show the outline of the entire colon's interior. First a barium enema is given, then X-rays are taken of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

What Are the Treatments for Hemorrhoids?

Once you develop hemorrhoids, they don't usually go away completely unless you undergo one of the procedures below. They can get better, however, so that living with them is tolerable. Both conventional and alternative practitioners consider diet the best treatment for hemorrhoids. A diet rich in high-fiber foods and low in processed foods is essential. Increasing fluid intake to six to eight eight-ounce glasses a day also is important. Check with your health care provider about your fluid needs if you have any medical problems or take medication. Dietary changes will be needed even if medication or surgery is prescribed.

Most hemorrhoid treatments aim to minimize pain and itching. Warm (but not hot) sitz baths are the most time-honored and suggested therapy: Sit in about three inches of warm water for 15 minutes, several times a day, especially after a bowel movement. This helps reduce the swelling in the area and relaxes spasm of the sphincter muscle. If you are pregnant, discuss any treatment, including dietary changes, with your health care provider before proceeding.

If you have been diagnosed with hemorrhoids, a high-fiber diet combined with sitz baths and Tylenol as prescribed often reduces discomfort within two weeks. If symptoms persist or are severe your health care provider may suggest one of the following procedures. Many can be performed in your doctor's office.

• Injection. An internal hemorrhoid can be injected with a solution which creates a scar and closes off the hemorrhoid. The injection hurts only a little, as any injection does.
• Banding. Prolapsed hemorrhoids are often removed using rubber-band ligation. A special tool secures a tiny rubber band around the hemorrhoid, shutting off its blood supply almost instantly. Within a week, the hemorrhoid shrivels and falls off.
• Coagulation or cauterization. Using either an electric probe, a laser beam, or an infrared light, a tiny burn painlessly seals the end of the hemorrhoid, causing it to close off and shrink. This is most useful for prolapsed hemorrhoids.
• Surgery. For large internal hemorrhoids or extremely uncomfortable external hemorrhoids (such as thrombosed hemorrhoids that are too painful to live with), your doctor may elect traditional surgery, called hemorrhoidectomy.

Hemorrhoid removal treatments are very effective, but unless dietary and lifestyle changes are made, hemorrhoids may recur.

Back Pain Causes,treatment

Back Pain Causes,treatment

There is absolutely nothing funny about back pain. Leastwise, not to those who already experience it. And there are an a lot of back discomfort victims out there. The If you believe about it, a lot of everyone has actually experienced back pain at one time or another. And the older you get, the more possibility that you will certainly have a form of chronic back discomfort.
Being a leading notch massage therapist I know ways to heal back pain cures and sciatica. Likewise, I also used to be an industrial driver, and I comprehend the rigors of the occupation. After years of development I am happy to offer these extraordinary back supports for truckers. Be sure to see my extraordinary butt supports too! It’s just as vital to support the butt as the back!


First off, you have to find time to stretch. If you work in a workplace, as the majority of people who sit do, or even if you work at home, set a timer. It’s much too easy to obtain lost in work for hours at a time and forget to stretch. There are online application, phone timers, egg timers, stopwatches, numerous various ways to sound off and alert you that it’s time to stretch. Find one that works for you and

your circumstance and set it to about 25 minutes.
Then the typical lower lower back pain causes are injury or overuse of muscles, raising heavy objects and weights, extreme bending of the lower part of the body, twisting of the back fairly often, excess pressure on the nerve roots, and pressure in the ligaments and back muscles, facet, and sacroiliac joints.
The old standby, RICE, works well for both severe and chronic injuries: Rest, elevation, ice, and compression. Do not hesitate to take a moderate painkiller in the start, too; just note that you ought to stop taking discomfort medications when discomfort ends up being workable.
lower back pain causes In about my third month of maternity, after the morning illness went away, I started a constant workout regimen. Whether I hit the pavement or the treadmill, I religiously strolled ever other day for about 40 minutes. And I’m persuaded that my dedication to strolling enriched my maternity, my labor and shipping and my recovery.
Herniated Discs – Tingling and discomfort that shoots down the legs from the low back. Discomfort enhances with extended periods of sitting or standing. Degenerative Disc Illness – Being and making specific steps in specific positions can cause the start of back discomfort. This pain can end up being persistent and extremely painful. Stress Fractures – Can be really unpleasant and caused when strolling or standing. If you are older: A reason for pain in the back common for those that are older is Osteoarthritis. This can stiffen your back and trigger pain. The beginning of this pain is usually in the morning or late during the night.
What next? Journeys to book representatives in the United States, Canada and GB. My book is currently hopelessly dated as far as book reviewers are worried, but I am turning to guerrilla advertising and the number I have actually sold is now more than 600.

treatment Bacterial pneumonia

treatment Bacterial pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. People with pneumonia usually complain of coughing, mucus production, fever, shortness of breath, and/or chest pain.

• The body's immune system usually keeps bacteria from infecting the lungs. In bacterial pneumonia, bacteria reproduce in the lungs, while the body tries to fight off the infection. This response to bacterial invaders is called inflammation.
• When the inflammation occurs in the alveoli (microscopic air sacs in the lungs) they fill with fluid. The lungs become less elastic and cannot take oxygen into the blood or remove carbon dioxide from the blood as efficiently as usual.
• When the alveoli don't work efficiently, the lungs are less able to extract oxygen from the air. This causes the feeling of being short of breath (dyspnea), which is one of the most common symptoms of pneumonia. Inflammation is the body's attempt to destroy infection, and causes many of the other symptoms of bacterial pneumonia, including fever and chest pain.
• Pneumonia can be very serious, because it directly interferes with the body's ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.
• Pneumonia is different from acute bronchitis (another disease that can cause fever, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath) because acute bronchitis is caused by inflammation in the air passages (called bronchi) leading to the alveoli, not the alveoli themselves. Sometimes it is very difficult, even for a doctor, to tell pneumonia and bronchitis apart. The symptoms and physical examination can be identical. Sometimes a chest X-ray is the only way to distinguish pneumonia from bronchitis. There is also an entity in which both the airways and air sacs are involved with infection, and this is referred to as bronchopneumonia.

Bacterial Pneumonia Causes

• Most pneumonia is caused by bacteria or a virus. Pneumonia from any cause can occur at any age, but people in certain age groups are at higher risk for certain types of pneumonia.
• The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia is a type of bacteria known as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are some other major bacteria that cause pneumonia.
• People who inhale toxic materials can injure the lungs and cause chemical pneumonia. This is more accurately referred to as chemical pneumonitis, since the process is mainly due to inflammation not from an infectious source.
• Fungi can also cause pneumonia. In certain areas of the United States, specific fungi are well known. Coccidioidomycosis, usually seen in the Southwest, is a type of fungal infection that causes a pneumonia called "San Joaquin fever" or "Valley fever." Histoplasmosis (seen primarily in the Midwest) and blastomycosis (seen primarily in the Southeast) are other fungal diseases that cause pneumonias.
• The most common way you catch pneumonia is to aspirate bacteria from the upper airway, usually the oral cavity. Other ways to catch pneumonia can be by breathing in infected air droplets from someone who has pneumonia. In some cases, the bacteria can be generated by an improperly cleaned air conditioner or Jacuzzi. Yet another source of infection in the lungs is spread of an infection from somewhere else in the body, such as the kidney. Bacteria can enter the bloodstream from any source and be deposited in the lungs, resulting in pneumonia.
• The risk of catching pneumonia is determined by the specific bacteria, virus, or fungus, the number of organisms the person inhales, and the body's ability to fight infections.
• A person cannot "catch pneumonia" by not dressing properly for cold weather or by being caught in the rain. Continue Reading

treatment Bronchitis

How Is Bronchitis Diagnosed?

Tests are usually unnecessary in the case of acute bronchitis, as the disease is usually easy to detect through your description of symptoms and a physical exam. The doctor will simply use a stethoscope to listen for the rattling sound in your lungs' upper airways that typically accompanies the problem.

In cases of chronic bronchitis, the doctor will likely get an X-ray of your chest to check the extent of the lung damage, as well as pulmonary function tests to measure how well your lungs are working. The level of oxygen in your blood may also be checked with a small sensor that is clipped on your finger.

What Are the Treatments for Bronchitis?

Conventional treatment for acute bronchitis may consist of simple measures such as getting plenty of rest, drinking lots of fluids, avoiding smoke and fumes, and possibly getting a prescription for an inhaled bronchodilator and/or cough syrup. In some cases of chronic bronchitis, oral steroids to reduce inflammation and/or supplemental oxygen may be necessary.

In healthy people with bronchitis who have normal lungs and no chronic health problems, antibiotics are usually not necessary. In most cases, the cause is a virus and antibiotics will not help. A productive (phlegm-producing) cough may come with acute bronchitis. This is your body's way of getting rid of excess mucus. However, if your cough is truly disruptive -- it keeps you from sleeping, is so forceful it becomes painful, or it persists for two or three weeks -- then your doctor may prescribe a cough suppressant. In most cases, you should simply do all the things you usually would do for a cold: Take aspirin or acetaminophen for discomfort and drink lots of liquids. Do not give aspirin to a child aged 18 years of age or younger because of the increased risk of Reye’s Syndrome.

If you have chronic bronchitis, your lungs are vulnerable to infections. Unless your doctor advises against it, get a yearly flu shot as well as a vaccination against pneumonia. One dose of pneumonia vaccine will help protect you from a common type of bacterial pneumonia until the age of 65 when you will likely need a booster. You may need a booster sooner if you have certain other medical problems.

treatment Cellular inflammation

treatment Cellular inflammation

What is Cellular Inflammation?

People (including virtually all physicians) are constantly confused what cellular inflammation is. So I decided to take the opportunity to explain the concept in more detail.
There are two types of inflammation. The first type is classical inflammation, which generates the inflammatory response we associate with pain such as, heat, redness, swelling, pain, and eventually loss of organ function. The other type is cellular inflammation, which is below the perception of pain. Cellular inflammation is the initiating cause of chronic disease because it disrupts hormonal signaling networks throughout the body.

Definition of Cellular Inflammation

The definition of cellular inflammation is increased activity of the gene transcription factor know as Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB). This is the gene transcription factor found in every cell, and it activates the inflammatory response of the innate immune system. Although the innate immune system is the most primitive part of our immune response, it has been resistant to study without recent breakthroughs in molecular biology. In fact, the 2011 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded for the earliest studies on the innate immune system and its implications in the development of chronic disease.
There are several extracellular events through which NF-κB can be activated by distinct mechanisms. These include microbial invasion recognized by toll-like receptors (TLR), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular generation of inflammatory eicosanoids, and interaction with inflammatory cytokines via defined cell surface receptors. We also know that several of these initiating events are modulated by dietary factors. This also means that appropriate use of the diet can either turn on or turn off the activation of NF-κB. This new knowledge is the foundation of anti-inflammatory nutrition (1-3).